Biology Pearson Textbook Homework Questions Essay

a.There are several differences between ribonucleic acid and DNA is that are key. DNA has deoxyribose sugar while RNA has ribose sugar. Secondly b.RNA is generally champion stranded and not double stranded. Lastly RNA contains uracil in place of thymine.c.The three types of RNA are messenger RNA, transfer RNA, and ribosomal RNA. courier RNA is the mirror image of the DNA that encodes the amino acid successiveness for the protein specified by the gene. The Transfer RNA transfers the amino acids to the ribosomes from coded messages. Ribosomal RNA helps variant the proteins on the ribosome.d.The reason that so many RNA molecules are produced more than DNA molecules because you only have two copies of DNA in 1 cell. If only two proteins could be produced at a time it would claim the cell a much longer time to do the functions that it take to perform.2.a.During transcription segments of DNA serve as templates to produce complementary RNA molecules.b.I think that the mRNA would not code properly for the correct protein so none of the functions could occur properly. No proteins could be made without the mRNA.3.RNA Georgea.I am unspecialised and am very willing and capable to do any job. I can be used in the messenger, transfer, and building proteins areas of work. As a messenger I can encode the protein sequence that is given to me from the genes. As a transferist I can transfer the amino acids to the ribosomes. Finally as an rRNA I can assemble proteins. Please consider my application.

Nursing Theory Essay

motive theories includeAchievement-motivation theory Expectancy theory Equity theory Motivation theories argon derived predominantly from the work ofAbraham Maslow (a psychologist) Achievement-motivation theory developed by sharpen Atkinson, McClelland, and Veroff Aspects of personality char routineeristics and proposes 3 forms of motivation/needs in work situations (achievement, berth, affiliation) Individuals are not as concerned with the rewards of achievement as they are with the actual achievement areAchievement (high need achievement)Expectancy theory study concept In 1964 Vroom decided to add the concept of expectancy, instrumentation & valence to motivation Expectancy is defined as Instrumentality describes valance is In Short, the Expectancy Theory states thatDeveloped by Victor Vroom in 1960s The effect of ability and motivation on performance execution of instrument = ability X motivation Performance = expectancy x orchestration x valence The association between t he natural action and the outcome of the action (action leave lead to achieve goal) The type of outcome derived b/c of an action (achievement of a goal will lead to reward)The value determined on the desirability of the outcome by the employee An individual will act (performance) in a certain manner b/c on that point is an expectation (motivation) that the act will result in an outcome. Equity theory Developed by This theory attempts to describe Stacy Adams-a research psychologist The relationship in which an individual give something (input) and in ex diverge receives something (outcome) Ex an individual expects that if he/she works hard at a job (input), he/she will receive compensation or recognition (outcome) based on what he/she put inConcepts of top executive, em military forcement, and change Power is The larger concept from which ascendance is derived Power is defined asInfluence wielded ( utilize) by an individual or group of individuals to change behaviors & attitud es and to sway conclusivenesss Authority isA evening gown right based on the double-deckers position in the organization. A source of legitimate power 5 bases/sources of powerReward, coercive, legitimate, referent, and expert power Coercive, reward, & legitimate power are considered formal bases of powerReferent & expert power are personal bases of power Two another(prenominal) bases of power Informational power vs. charismatic powerInformational power is the power held by an individual who has the information necessary for others to accomplish a assess or goal Charismatic power is the power that attracts hotshot individual to another Empowerment isThe transfer or delegation of responsibility & strength from managers to employees empowerment is the sharing of power (sharing vision, mission, knowledge, expertise) spay Planned Change TheoryCentral to Lewin theory A field of honor Force assimilate 2 forces (driving force vs. restraining forces) By Kurt Lewin (a German p sychologist if u care ) The concepts of field and force Can be viewed as a system (if one part of the system change, then the whole system must be examined to determine the effect of that change) Driving force encourages/facilitates movement to a sweet direction, goal, or outcome Restraining force ( polar with driving force). Restraining forces block or frustrate progress toward the goal.Problem-Solving and decision-making processes The Rational Decision-Making ModelInvolves a cognitive process where each note follows in a logical order from the one before. By cognitive, It manner -based on thinking through and weighing up the alternatives to come up with the best potential result. Bounded rational decision-making model (Bounded rationality) Means that cosmos are unable to make entirely rational decision b/c of the limits of human mental abilities and b/c of the influence of impertinent force on decision making.A decision maker is state to exhibit bounded rationality when the y consider fewer options than are real available, or when they choose an option that is not the best overall just is best within the current circumstances. E. g. , someone spills coffee on a shirt in a restaurant, and goes next door and purchases a ill fitting shirt to change into immediately. Obviously it would be optimal to buy a proper fitting shirt. But if the person is in a hurry and cannot wear a wet, coffee stained shirt, then buying the poorly fitting one is appropriate.This is an example of bounded rationality theme Decision Making modelOften subprogramd when the decision is complex, such as when a new process or product is being developed. Advantage the decision made whitethorn be higher quality Major errors may be avoided Disadvantage Take longer to reach decision whitethorn lead to compromises that really do not solve the problem organizational Quantitative Decision-Making Techniques Rely on facts & quantitative measures (data based) to make decisions (although in tuition & psyche still influence the decision making process) Conflict ManagementCharacteristics of a conflict situation Conflict Mode Model 2 types of retort cooperativeness vs assertiveness Thomas & Kilmann (1974) 5 conflict-handling modes/strategies Thomas (1976) recommended that the FIRST melodic phrase of action is to discern (recognize) the other partys intent in causing the conflict before determining how to respond Cooperativeness commission on statisfying the other persons concern Assertiveness counselling on statisfying ones own concern 1. Competing or forcing used when the issue is important, needs speedy resolution .Ex. An individual pursues his own concerns at the other persons expense. This is a power-oriented mode in which you use whatever power seems appropriate to win your own position. (Assertive but uncooperative) 2. Accomodation opposite of competing. When accomodating the individual neglects his own concerns to stisfy the concerns (assertive and coope rative) 3. Avoidance the person neither pursues his own concerns nor those of the other individual.

Euthanasia: Death and Medical Staff

A dying composition needs to die, as a sleepy man needs to sleep, and in that location comes a time when it is wrong, as well as useless to resist. -Steward Alsop, bridle of Executionthough no one has a choice in their profess birth, should we be entitled to a choice when it comes to our death? Therefore, what is euthanasia? Euthanasia refers to the drill of intentionally ending a life in order to remedy pain and suffering sometimes called mercy killing. Euthanasia has been one of the or so controversial issues in the medical field.As of today, Euthanasia is only legal in three countries namely Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg and illegal in all countries remaining. Though it is illegal here in the Philippines, the researcher brought this topic out of remnant with the issue.Why the researcher chose this topic The researcher chose this topic to gain and give noesis on Euthanasia to give enlightenment to people whether to accept or to oppose Euthanasia.Statement of the prob lemThis study entitled Perception of selected medical staff on Euthanasia, bequeath give enlightenment to the certain questions that arise 1. What is Euthanasia? 2. What are the perceptions of selected medical staff on Euthanasia? 3. A remedy to life or a right to die?Significance of the studyThe implication of this study is to give enlightenment to the following peopleRespondents. Upon or during reply the questionnaire, they themselveswill ponder on the issue at hand. Students. Since euthanasia may seem to be an unfamiliar word to most of the students, this study will lend them knowledge about euthanasia. Administration. This study will both impart them more knowledge and also let them ponder on their own thoughts about euthanasia. Citizens. As a whole, they will be gaining more shrewdness and understanding on the issues from euthanasia.Scope and delimitationThis study will only cover the professed(prenominal) medical opinion of doctors, and anyone in the medical field, and also the opinions of the society on Euthanasia. Definition of terms Euthanasia the practice of intentionally ending a life in order to relieve pain and suffering.

Interaction of Fiscal and Monetary Policy

INTERACTION OF FISCAL AND MONETARY POLICY IN INDIA universe Before understanding how the m one(a)tary form _or_ system of regime and pecuniary insurance polity ascertain in coordination with each different, let us first understand the intent behind the formulation of these policies in brief. pecuniary indemnity financial insurance is the cover by which monetary authority of a state, generally a Coperni fucking bank avers the supply of money in the economy by exercising its control over interest rates in point to maintain scathe stability and achieve high economic growth.The key bank in our country is Reserve blaspheme of India. The main objectives of financial policy are price stability, controlled expansion of bank credit, promotion of contumacious investment, promotion of exports and food procurement operations etc. Fiscal Policy Fiscal policy refers to the expenditure that disposal undertakes in order to go forth goods and services, and the way in which the government finances those expenditures.Main objectives of fiscal policy of our country are to reduce income inequalities by means of progressive taxation, to control inflation, to facilitate equilibrate regional development, employment generation, to allocate resources to social and developmental objectives, to reduce chemical equilibrium of payment shortfalls etc.At the outset, it must be recognized that some(prenominal) fiscal and monetary policies are essential percentages of overall big-economic policy and thus cannot but grapple the basic objectives such as high economic growth on a sustainable basis implying equity considerations also, a reasonable stagecoach of price stability and a viable balance of payments situation. However, all these objectives may not always be in harmony, and major concerns of each component may be different apart from the differences in time purview of the concerned policy focus.For achieving an best mix of macroeconomic objectives of growth and price stability, it is necessary that the two policies complement each other. However, the form of complementarity will castrate according to the stage of development of the countrys financial markets and institutions. In order to exercise these objectives there are certain prickings available with the government and the central bank. Let us look at the tools available with the central bank to exercise monetary policy objectives effectively. There are louver main tools which run batted in uses to execute the monetary policy.They are repo and reverse repo rate, hard currency accommodate ratio, open market operations, statutory liquidity ratio, and bank rate. The tools cogitate to fiscal policy are public expenditure, income of the government, government borrowings. Evolution of monetary and fiscal policy inter mettle in India The framework for monetary and fiscal policy interface in India stems from the provisions of the Reserve deposit of India Act, 1934. In terms of the Act, the Reserve Bank manages the public debt of the Central and the State establishments and also acts as a banker to them.The interface between these two policies, however, has been continuously evolving. In the pre-Independence days, the Colonial governing adopted a stance of fiscal neutrality. However, requirements of the orbit War II necessitated primary accommodation to the Government from the Reserve Bank. In the post-Independence period, the monetary-fiscal interface evolved in the context of the emerging role of the Reserve Bank. effrontery the low level of savings and investment in the economy, fiscal policy began to play a major role in the development process under successive Five-Year Plans beginning 1950-51.Fiscal policy was increasingly used to defecate adequate command over the resources of the economy, which the monetary policy accommodated. Beginning the siemens Plan, the Government began to resort to deficit support to bridge the resource to-do to f inance plan outlays. Thus, the conduct of monetary policy came to be influenced by the size and mode of financing the fiscal deficit. Consequently, advances to the Government under the RBI Act, 1934 for cash precaution purposes, which are repayable not later than trinity months from the date of advance, in practice, became a permanent source of financing the Government budget deficit.Whenever governments balances with the Reserve Bank fell beneath the minimum stipulation, they were replenished through self-winding humanity of ad hoc Treasury Bills. though the ad hocs were meant to finance Governments temporary needs, the maturing bills were automatically replaced by pert creation of ad hoc Treasury Bills. Thus, monetization of deficit of the Government became a permanent feature, leading to loss of control over humble money creation by the Reserve Bank. In addition to creation of ad hocs, the Reserve Bank also subscribed to primary issuances of government securities.This was necessitated as the large government borrowings for plan financing could not be absorbed by the market. This, however, constrained the operation of monetary policy as it led to creation of primary liquidity in the system and entailed deferment of increases in the Bank Rate in order to control the terms of Government borrowings. The Reserve Bank Act, therefore, was amended in 1956 empowering the Reserve Bank to vary the cash reserve ratio (CRR) maintained by banks with it to change control of credit boom in the private sector emanating from reserve money creation through deficit financing.The single most important eventor influencing monetary policy in the 1970s and the 1980s was the phenomenal growth in reserve money due to Reserve Banks credit to the government. With little control over this variable, monetary policy focused on restricting overall liquidity by training the CRR and the SLR to high levels. The balance of payment crisis of 1991 recognized the fiscal deficit as th e core problem. It, therefore, necessitated a strong and decisive coordinated response on the part of the Government and the Reserve Bank.Assigning due importance to monetary management, fiscal consolidation was emphasized and implemented in 1991-92. An important step taken during the 1990s with regard to monetary-fiscal interface was phasing out and eventual elimination of automatic monetization through the issue of ad hoc Treasury Bills. Even though fiscal dominance through automatic monetization of fiscal deficit has been done away with over the years in India, the influence of fiscal deficit on the outcome of monetary policy has continued to breathe significant given its high level.High fiscal deficit, even if it is not monetized, can interfere with the monetary policy objective of price stability through its impact on aggregate demand and inflationary expectations. Fiscal-Monetary Co-ordination In pomposity Management Maintaining a low and stable level of inflation is one of the major inclinations of macroeconomic policy. Since inflation is viewed by the traditional monetarist approach as a monetary phenomenon, monetary policy is recommended as the major tool for inflation management.However, the role of fiscal policy in inflation control is also recognised both in terms of the impact of high fiscal deficit on aggregate demand and inflation as well as short-term inflation management through its policy of taxes and subsidies. Also, given the two-way interaction between fiscal deficit and inflation, optimal co-ordination between monetary and fiscal policies would be critical to achieve the goal of price stability. This section attempts to understand the role of fiscal and monetary policies in inflation management and the implications of the interaction between these policies on inflation.MSS scheme some other example of fiscal-monetary co-ordination came in the form of introduction of the Market Stabilization stratagem (MSS). Under the MSS, treasury bi lls and dated securities were issued by the government. The scheme aimed at alter monetary policy that was expected to lose its efficacy in the face of paucity of instruments to sterilize liquidity arising from large capital inflows that required interpolation in the foreign exchange markets. The initial burden of sterilization was borne by the outright transactions involving the sale of dated securities and treasury bills.However, due to the depletion in the stock of government securities, the burden of liquidity adjustment shifted to LAF. The LAF was essentially designed to handle marginal liquidity surpluses/deficits. For absorbing the liquidity of a more(prenominal) enduring nature, the MSS was conceived. Fiscal-monetary policy co-ordination also received a fillip from the Debt sell Scheme (DSS), which was recommended by the Finance Commission. It enabled the state governments to substitute their high-cost loans from the centre with fresh market borrowings and a portion of s mall saving transfers.How should the coordination be? In view of the complex nature of interface, coordination between fiscal and monetary policies has to be considered from several angles. Both are aspects of shared overall macro-economic policy objectives. Hence, at the first level, the question is whether the relevant fiscal-monetary policy mix is conducive to the macro objectives. The relevant policy mix relates to the level of fiscal deficit, the pattern of financing especially the extent of monetisation and the dependence on external savings.Secondly, whether operate procedures of monetary and fiscal authorities, especially debt and cash management are consonant and mutually reinforcing. The interactions between operations of monetary authority and public debt management described earlier in this part of the presentation are evidently relevant. Thirdly, whether credibility of both monetary and fiscal policies is achieved in a in demand(predicate) direction. Thus, a credibl e monetary policy can help restrict interest rates provided the fiscal authority does not give move up to a different set of expectations.Fourthly, whether due cognizance has been taken of the fact that monetary and fiscal policy adjustments operate in different timeframes. Monetary policy as is well known , can be correct to alter monetary conditions at a shorter notice than fiscal policy. Monetary policy changes can be undertaken at any time, unlike fiscal policy changes most of which are generally associated with the Annual Budget. Finally, harmonious death penalty of policies may require that one policy is not unduly burdening the other for too long. Mutual respect and reinforcement is undoubtedly the ideal to which both policies and authorities should subscrib

Ap Euro Calendar Dbq

Explain the designers for the adoption of a impudent schedule in spick-and-span France and analyze reactions to it in the period 1789 to 1806. The adoption of the extremist calendar to transpose the Gregorian calendar took place on November 24, 1793 by the National Convention. This sunrise(prenominal) calendar lasted until Napoleon I abolished it in 1806. The new calendar was a adopted in revolutionary France for much formers including secular ideas and political reasons. there were also many reactions to the change of calendar between 1789 and 1806 such a criticism.There were many secular-slanted ideas that were adopted into the new calendar during revolutionary france. In 1789, the Cahier de doleances (report of grievances), from the three E state of Chateau-Thierry, said that they asked for the number of religious holidays be reduced beca mapping to each one of them enchains the activity of a great hatful, being of considerable detriment to the state and the numero us disadvantages of idleness. This shows that the new calendar was more secular because of the decrease in the amount of religious holidays (Document 1).The illustrations of newly named months also show that the new calendar shows more secular-slanted ideas. The new months are named for prosperity and things they are known for. For example, the month of Fructidor which is the month of glean is between August 18 and September 16, which harvest m. This shows a more secular calendar because the months are associate France with French stuff, instead of the old months being named after religious the great unwashed (Document 4).In a letter to the National Convention from a peasant from Etampes, it says that with nine long, disfranchised days of labor, the simple citizens want small distractions on their day of rest. During the use of the new calendar in France, spate went to church a litter less because with the new calendar they would only go every 10th day, instead of going on S undays during the Gregorian calendar (Document 7). Government officials in the French town of Steenwerck, Picardy, said that people spend less time in the temple celebrating the tenth day and revolutionary festivals as an wound to republicans.This shows that the new calendar was more secular because with the new calendar people began to go to church less (Document 10). The new calendar in revolutionary France, showed how France started to move towards a more secular world. A lot of people agreed with the adoption of the new calendar by revolutionary France for many reasons. Gilbert Romme, head of the calendar reform committee, believed that the church calendar was born(p) among ignorant people. He said Time opens a new record for history, and it must use a new pen to record the narration of a regenerated France. What Romme means by this is that since France is going through new times, they consume to change the calendar to fit it (Document 2). In Instruction Concerning the Era of the country and the Division of the Year which was a decree of the National Convention, it said that the new calendar will eliminate incoherence and inexactitude. This means that with the new calendar people will be more exact and orderly because of more work days. It also states that the new calendar will show the address of our revolution (Document 5). In the letter to the National Convention from the village of St.Quirin, it says how the people spend their day of rest. In the letter it says that they honor the memory of the generals who put one over become martyrs and they read aloud the republican accomplishments. The people of the village of Quirin back up the new calendar because they got the tenth day off (Document 6). Many people agreed with the change to the new calendar in revolutionary France because, they approximation it was needed since france was going through new times, they also thought the more work days will make people work better, and because some peopl e thought that the tenth day was great.Until the new calendar was abolished by Napoleon I in 1806, it received a lot of criticism. Pierre-Joseph Denis, a former Girondin imprisoned during the Terror and then recalled to the National Convention, wrote in notion on the Decades that the new calendar was an act of despotism forced on the people, and the festivals based on it were detestable. Denis is criticizing the new calendar because he thinks that it was unfair that the new calendar was forced upon them (Document 8).Francois-Sebastien Letourneux, Minister of Interior, criticized the new calendar because he thinks that the legal separation between days of rest is too long. Letourneux said that the artisan and granger can not work nine days in a row (Document 9). In an article in Gazette de France, it talks slightly the return to the Gregorian calendar. It says that the new calendar was so weak that when it fell, it didnt in time offer us an opportunity to exclaim about the fragi lity of kind-hearted things.The article also says that it was sad that the names of the festivals were not not devoted(p) to the benefactors of humanity, but were devoted to the cabbages, the turnips, and the artichoke (Document 11). Abbe Sieyes wrote in response to the Committee of earth Instructions proposal for a new calendar, that it is not needed. Sieyes believed that there was no reason to differentiate ourselves from everyone else (Document 3). Many people didnt agree with the idea of the new calendar, which was the reason it only lasted until 1806.The new calendar was adopted in France for many reasons including to make more work days and to get rid of some of the holidays. close to people agreed with the new calendar because they thought that it was needed since France was ever-changing and others agreed with it because they thought that with more work days, people will be more exact and will get more work done. some(a) people criticized it because they thought that nin e straight days of work a week was bad for the farmers and artisans and because the new calendar wasnt needed.

Defining Historiography Essay

Historians do not always check out about how to interpret the events and people that they study this leads to duple explanations, which at times, atomic number 18 diametrically opposed to each other. As students progress into upper-level courses in the Department of History, they must move from the mastery of facts and analysis of primary sources back up by lower-level courses to a richer and deeper understanding of how history is written and the fact that events and ideas are open to interpretation. Within History 420 (Readings in History), students then move into other level of explanation, where they read intensively on a topic and ply their consume historiographical explanations for a serial of events/ideas.Therefore, historiography can be described as the history of history. What this means in practice is an exploration of a particular proposition topic, and how historians ware explained events or people over time, i.e. how their explanations have changed due to their own worldview and/or ideological bent, due to re-interpretation of antecedently-viewed sources, due to the availability of advanced sources, previously unexplored, and/or due to the application of different questions and/or methodologies to sources.Revision of foregoing interpretations of the past is an implicit and important element of historiography. It requires students to not only be able to explain the different educates of thought or interpretations but in any case potentially to develop their own explanations, based on their assigned readings. The taper of a historiographical shew is not on the event or some bingle itself rather, it is on the interpretations of the event or person. Process1. Read and analyze multiple work independently on the same topic (assigned on periodic or bi-weekly basis), including an exploration of the sources that the sources practice or do not utilize in shaping their arguments. a. Make sure that you are not exactly summarizing the be ginnings ideas rather, you are providing analysis of the works argument, sources, and conclusions and of the authors own interpretation of said topic. b. In addition, each author is likely to provide an explanation of the fit of his/her work within the large historiographical context take careful note of this as well, oddly when he/she references other assigned works. c. Another element of this process is to have a firm understanding of who the author is be certain to conduct investigate into previous publications, ideological background and/or current research interests. be there any parts of his/her background that are directly associate to the subject matter and if so, what are the pros and cons of this?2. Questions to consider as you import your historiographical turn out Individual Works What is the main point or argument do by each work regarding your specific topic? Think particularly about whether or not the author is trying to reinforce an sooner perception of hist ory or argue for a re-interpretation of the past. What kinds of sources are use, how and wherefore? How does the author deal with counter-evidence, i.e. information that seems to weaken or contradict the thesis? What are the strengths and weaknesses in terms of argument, analysis and conclusions of the work? How does this work mend to earlier readings, i.e. do they present similar or dissimilar ideas and how/ wherefore? How do these authors or works, as a group, contribute our understanding of this series of historical events and their outcome?3. Bring these works together in an integrated analysis that incorporates and explains the different arguments, conclusions and evidence of various authors in order to construct your own explanation of a central theme. An integrated analysis is one that not only draws on different books/articles but also explains how the works agree and disagree with each other. A particularly strong historiographical essay will do this by considering multiple points of view within intelligence of a sub-topic, all in one well-crafted paragraph or series of paragraphs, which is then connected back to the overall argument. Then you would move on to the next connected sub-topic, again linking back to the overall argument. You want to forfend the temptation to simply discuss one work, then the next, and then another, with weensy explanation or analysis of how they fit together.4. Questions to consider as you write your historiographical essay The Big Picture How has the historiography of your topic evolved over time? What has changed in terms of interpretation of events and ideas? What was the initial interpretation of this event, idea or person? How has it changed and why? How have ideological shifts had an impact on your topic? ar the authors under study wedded to a particular historical school i.e. Marxist, Feminist, Neo-Conservative, Liberal, and/or how does the authors main lens of analysis (cultural, political, military, social, etc.) have an impact on his/her interpretations? Have the discovery or re-interpretation of sources caused historians to ask new questions or take their research in new directions? Have historians used different methodological approaches (e.g. quantitative, linguistic) in their work and how was this had an impact on conclusions?

Peopod

CASE trio Peapod Online Grocery2003 The online food market turned out to be a fate tougher than psychoanalysts thought a a a few(prenominal)(prenominal) long time ago. Many of the early online grocers, including Webvan, ShopLink, StreamLine, Kosmom, Homeruns, and PDQuick, went dash and out of business. At one time, Webvan had 46 percentage of the online grocery business, exactly it still wasnt profitable enough to survive. The new business exemplification for online grocers is to be part of an existing brick-and-mortar chain. Large grocery chains, like Safeway and Albertsons, be experiencing sales growth in their online business but have flat so to turn a profit.Jupiter Research estimates that online grocery sales will be over $5 billion by 2007, al more or less 1 percent of all told grocery sales, while it expects more than 5 percent of all retail sales to be online by then. A few years ago, optimistic analysts estimated online grocery sales would be 10 to 20 measure that by 2005, but it didnt work out that way. One of the few online grocers to survive in 2003 is Peapod, the first online grocer, started by brothers Andrew and Thomas Parkinson in 1990.However, even Peapod was failing until 2001 when Dutch grocery giant Royal Ahold purchased controlling stakes in the company for $73 million. Peapod operates in five markets, mainly by closely affiliating itself with Ahold-owned grocery chains. Peapod by Giant is in the Washington, DC, atomic number 18a, while Peapod by Stop and Shop runs in Boston, New York, and Connecticut. The exception is Chicago, where Peapod operates without an affiliation with a local grocery chain. Peapod executives claim the company is growing by 25 percent annually and has 130,000 customers, and all of its markets except Connecticut are profitable.Average edict size is up to $143 from $106 three years earlier. The online grocery business seemed like a sure winner in the 1990s. Dual-income families strapped for time cou ld simply go online to do their grocery shopping. They has well-nigh the same choices of products that they would have had if they went to a brick-and-mortar grocery, about 20,000 SKUs (stockkeeping units). They could browse the aisles on their home computers and place orders via computer, fax or telephone. The orders were make full at ffiliated stores and delivered to their homes in a 90-minute window, saving them time and effort and simplifying their fooling lives. For all this convenience, consumers were willing to pay a monthly fee and a fee per order for packaging, shipping, and delivery. Since most of the products purchased were well-known branded items, consumer faced shortsighted risk in buying their handed-down foodstuffs. Even perishables like let and meat could be counted on to be high quality, and if consumers were concerned, they could make a quick trip to a brick-and-mortar grocery for these selections.However, while all of this sounded good, most consumers didnt change their grocery shopping habits to take advantage of the online alternative. before long analysts do not expect the online grocery industry to take gain in the near future, if ever. Miles Cook of Bain & Company estimates that only 8 to 10 percent of U. S. consumers will find ordering groceries online appealing, but only about 1 percent will ever do so. He concludes This is tone ending to remain a niche offering in a few markets. Its not going to be a national mainstream offering. Jupiter Media Metrix analyst Ken Cassar concludes that The moral of the story is that the ability to build a remedy mousetrap must be measured against consumers willingness to buy it. Question 1. What behaviors are involved in online grocery shopping? How does online shopping compare with traditional shopping in terms of behavioral effort? 2. What types of consumers are presumable to value online grocery shopping from Peapod? 3. Overall, what do you think about the musical theme of online grocer y shopping? How does it compare with simply eating in restaurants and avoiding grocery shopping and cooking altogether?